Marine scientists exploring the waters near the Solomon Islands have uncovered a record-breaking natural wonder: the largest coral organism ever found on Earth. This massive coral, spanning an area of 111 feet wide, 104 feet long, and 15 feet high, is three times larger than the previous record-holder, a coral known as “Big Momma” in American Samoa.
A Remarkable Discovery
Initially, the team from National Geographic Society’s Pristine Seas program mistook the coral for a shipwreck or boulder. Curious about the peculiar shape, cinematographer Manu San Félix dove to investigate and was astonished to find a sprawling coral colony displaying vibrant shades of brown, red, pink, and yellow.
This extraordinary coral formation is composed of Pavona clavus, commonly called “shoulder blade coral” for its unique structure. It is believed to have grown from larvae on the seabed and is formed by nearly one billion genetically identical coral polyps, functioning as a singular organism.
“Just when we think there is nothing left to discover on planet Earth, we find a massive coral made of nearly one billion little polyps, pulsing with life and color,” said Enric Sala, National Geographic Explorer in Residence and founder of Pristine Seas.
Visible from Space
The coral’s sheer size is breathtaking—large enough to be visible from space. Measuring 15 feet in height, the colony is estimated to be 300 to 500 years old, based on its growth rate. Scientists believe its isolated location and the lack of scuba equipment among local communities contributed to it remaining undetected for so long.
A Fragile Giant in Peril
Despite its grandeur, the world’s largest coral organism is under threat. Scientists warn that climate change, overfishing, and pollution jeopardize coral reefs worldwide. Rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification are particularly dangerous, causing coral bleaching and hampering reef growth.
The discovery near the Solomon Islands highlights the importance of preserving marine ecosystems. The region, made up of hundreds of islands located 1,200 miles northeast of Australia, is home to some of the most biodiverse marine environments on Earth.
Previous Record and Global Context
The newly identified coral easily surpasses “Big Momma”, the former largest known coral located in American Samoa, which is roughly a third of its size. This discovery underscores how little is still known about the vast underwater world, even in well-researched regions.
Looking Ahead
While the discovery of the world’s largest coral organism is a reason for celebration, it also serves as a call to action. Scientists and conservationists emphasize the urgency of protecting the planet’s remaining reefs, which play crucial roles in marine ecosystems and serve as natural barriers protecting coastal areas from storm surges.
